Following up from my previous blog "Older then you think" I have just found a fabolous article about the age of universe.
THE UNIVERSE
In the early part of this century, two opposing theories about the origin of the universe were postulated. (1) The Steady State theory, which says the universe is never born, never dies, and is always like what it is. (2) The Big bang theory, which says the universe began with a point of energy exploding in a "big-bang". All the matter came into being from energy continuously expanding and changing form. Ultimately the expansion will stop and it will start contracting, ending into nothingness with a "big-crunch". What is before big-bang or after big crunch, the theory doesn’t know.
In reality, both the theories are correct. The universe begins from a point with a bang and ends in a point with a crunch. This duration we call one Kalpa (cosmos) or Brahma Diwas (eternal day). It is preceded and succeeded by an equal period during which matter lies in a dormant, inert state and that is called a Brahma Ratri i.e. a divine night (for the nature that sleeps as it were). All the souls also remain in a dormant state, a sort of hibernation, during this period. The evolution of cosmos from dormant state may be called a ‘creation’ or ‘srishti’, and its involution back into inert state is called dissolution (pralaya). As days and nights succeed each other, so do cosmos and divine nights in this eternal sinusoidal cycle of evolutions and involutions 3 (Figure 1).
All matter, i.e. nature, has three basic attributes/forces – satva, rajasa and tamasa. During brahma ratri, these forces remain in a balanced state. After the big bang, the three forces get realigned to form elementary particles called Mahat or Aapah, which combine further to form other basic particles, atoms and so on. 4
Figure 1
A – "Big Bang"
B – "Big Crunch"
A to B – One "Kalpa"
Age of universe
The age of each Kalpa (eternal day) is 4.32 billion years (4,320,000,000 years). According to Hindu scriptures this is further subdivided as below:
1 Kalpa
=
1000 Chaturyugis
=
14 Manvantars + Buffer Periods of 6 Chaturyugis
1 Manvantar
=
71 Chaturyugis
1 Chaturyugi
=
4,320,000 years
Of the 14 manvantars, the universe expands for the first seven, and contracts for the next seven.
Each chaturyugi is subdivided into four Yugas:
Krit yuga = 1,728,000 years
Treta yuga = 1,296,000 years
Dwapar yuga = 864,000 years
Kali yuga = 432,000 years
At present, kaliyuga of the 28th chaturyugi of the 7th manvantar is in progress. According to this calculation, 1,972,949,100 years have elapsed since the evolution of present cosmos began, and it has 2,347,050,900 years still to go before the "big-crunch". 5
THE EARTH
All planets prior to their formation are part of their parent stars, like the nine planets of our solar system were part of the Sun. After parting from the Sun, it took millions of years for our Earth to cool and become solid. The Earth is hollow inside, with a tiny white-dwarf "sun" at its center. Most of the other planets in this universe are hollow inside. And most of the planets are inhabited too, because the basic purpose of planets is to support life – as that of stars is to support planets. On a planet, both the outside surface and the inside surface, or any one of them, could be suitable for life. For our Earth, both the surfaces support life – in fact, the "inside world" (referred to as Pataal Loka in Hindu scriptures) is more suitable for life as is protected from outside natural calamities. 6
LIFE ON EARTH
Presently, the twenty eighth chaturyugi of the seventh manvantar is in its last phase. The Earth was formed in the second manvantar, while the Moon was formed in the third. Continents came out of the oceans in the fourth manvantar. Vegetation was born in the fifth, animals in sixth and humans at the beginning of the current seventh. So, human life on Earth is roughly 120 million years old.7
At first the humans were born by asexual means – in fully grown-up and knowledgeable state – in the Meru Parvat region in Himalayas (Tibet). They further carried on the chain of life through sexual means.8
At the birth of every cosmos the complete knowledge of God is transmitted in wave-form and spreads out with the expanding universe. This knowledge was received by the foremost of the earliest humans – the four rishis (sages) – through meditation, and given to the humankind in the form of the four Vedas. 9
Population increased, Vedic knowledge spread, and human society flourished. Since the very beginning, humanity has taken two paths, the Devas and the Asurs, the believers in God and the worshippers of nature, the good and the evil. The society got divided along these two paths. The Deva or Aryan culture believes in scientific development supported by equal spiritual enlightenment for the ultimate betterment of humanity. On the other hand, the Asur culture believes in extreme materialism and considers the nature to be all powerful, leading to usage of science for destructive purposes.10
The fight for supremacy between the two cultures, between good and bad, follows a sinusoidal path, and so do peace and wars, and the scientific and spiritual development of humanity. Today it’s the asur culture that is on top, but the fight is still on.
REFERENCES
RigVeda 10-129-7YajurVeda 13-4; 31-1; 40-1; 40-8Bhagwad Gita 13-16Brahma Sutra 1-3-10
RigVeda 1-164-20Shwetashwatara Upnishad 4-5Sankhya Darshan 1-97, 98
RigVeda 10-129-1 to 4; 1-163-1RigVeda 10-190-1, 2, 3Vrihadaranyaka Upnishad 1-1-2Manu Smriti 1-5, 6, 7, 80
Sankhya Darshan 1-61Manu Smriti 1-14, 15RigVeda 1-163-2, 3, 4; 10-129-5, 6RigVeda 10-121-7 or YajurVeda 27-25Shatpath Brahman 11-1-6-1Brahma Sutra 1-4-6
Surya Siddhanta 1-14 to 23Manu Smriti 1-67 to 73; 1-79AtharvaVeda 8-2-21YajurVeda 30-18Bhagwad Gita 8-17, 18, 19
Ramayana & Puranas
Manu Smriti 1-62
RigVeda 1-164-7, 8, 9Vaisheshik Darshan 4-2-5Mahabharata (Aadi Parva) 65-10, 11
RigVeda 10-130-4 to 7; 8-100-10, 11
RigVeda 1-51-8YajurVeda 40-3
Bhagwad Gita 15-8; 2-22Kath Upnishad 2-18Mundaka Upnishad 3-2-2; 3-1-10Vrihadaranyaka Upnishad 5-4-6Brahma Sutra 3-1-1
Bhagwad Gita 2-47Mundaka Upnishad 2-2-8Yoga Darshan 2-12, 13
Mahabharata (Vana Parva) Ch. 187Vayu Purana 50-88Shatpath Brahman 1-8-16
Source http://www.geocities.com/ancientscience/beliefs.htm
THE UNIVERSE
In the early part of this century, two opposing theories about the origin of the universe were postulated. (1) The Steady State theory, which says the universe is never born, never dies, and is always like what it is. (2) The Big bang theory, which says the universe began with a point of energy exploding in a "big-bang". All the matter came into being from energy continuously expanding and changing form. Ultimately the expansion will stop and it will start contracting, ending into nothingness with a "big-crunch". What is before big-bang or after big crunch, the theory doesn’t know.
In reality, both the theories are correct. The universe begins from a point with a bang and ends in a point with a crunch. This duration we call one Kalpa (cosmos) or Brahma Diwas (eternal day). It is preceded and succeeded by an equal period during which matter lies in a dormant, inert state and that is called a Brahma Ratri i.e. a divine night (for the nature that sleeps as it were). All the souls also remain in a dormant state, a sort of hibernation, during this period. The evolution of cosmos from dormant state may be called a ‘creation’ or ‘srishti’, and its involution back into inert state is called dissolution (pralaya). As days and nights succeed each other, so do cosmos and divine nights in this eternal sinusoidal cycle of evolutions and involutions 3 (Figure 1).
All matter, i.e. nature, has three basic attributes/forces – satva, rajasa and tamasa. During brahma ratri, these forces remain in a balanced state. After the big bang, the three forces get realigned to form elementary particles called Mahat or Aapah, which combine further to form other basic particles, atoms and so on. 4
Figure 1
A – "Big Bang"
B – "Big Crunch"
A to B – One "Kalpa"
Age of universe
The age of each Kalpa (eternal day) is 4.32 billion years (4,320,000,000 years). According to Hindu scriptures this is further subdivided as below:
1 Kalpa
=
1000 Chaturyugis
=
14 Manvantars + Buffer Periods of 6 Chaturyugis
1 Manvantar
=
71 Chaturyugis
1 Chaturyugi
=
4,320,000 years
Of the 14 manvantars, the universe expands for the first seven, and contracts for the next seven.
Each chaturyugi is subdivided into four Yugas:
Krit yuga = 1,728,000 years
Treta yuga = 1,296,000 years
Dwapar yuga = 864,000 years
Kali yuga = 432,000 years
At present, kaliyuga of the 28th chaturyugi of the 7th manvantar is in progress. According to this calculation, 1,972,949,100 years have elapsed since the evolution of present cosmos began, and it has 2,347,050,900 years still to go before the "big-crunch". 5
THE EARTH
All planets prior to their formation are part of their parent stars, like the nine planets of our solar system were part of the Sun. After parting from the Sun, it took millions of years for our Earth to cool and become solid. The Earth is hollow inside, with a tiny white-dwarf "sun" at its center. Most of the other planets in this universe are hollow inside. And most of the planets are inhabited too, because the basic purpose of planets is to support life – as that of stars is to support planets. On a planet, both the outside surface and the inside surface, or any one of them, could be suitable for life. For our Earth, both the surfaces support life – in fact, the "inside world" (referred to as Pataal Loka in Hindu scriptures) is more suitable for life as is protected from outside natural calamities. 6
LIFE ON EARTH
Presently, the twenty eighth chaturyugi of the seventh manvantar is in its last phase. The Earth was formed in the second manvantar, while the Moon was formed in the third. Continents came out of the oceans in the fourth manvantar. Vegetation was born in the fifth, animals in sixth and humans at the beginning of the current seventh. So, human life on Earth is roughly 120 million years old.7
At first the humans were born by asexual means – in fully grown-up and knowledgeable state – in the Meru Parvat region in Himalayas (Tibet). They further carried on the chain of life through sexual means.8
At the birth of every cosmos the complete knowledge of God is transmitted in wave-form and spreads out with the expanding universe. This knowledge was received by the foremost of the earliest humans – the four rishis (sages) – through meditation, and given to the humankind in the form of the four Vedas. 9
Population increased, Vedic knowledge spread, and human society flourished. Since the very beginning, humanity has taken two paths, the Devas and the Asurs, the believers in God and the worshippers of nature, the good and the evil. The society got divided along these two paths. The Deva or Aryan culture believes in scientific development supported by equal spiritual enlightenment for the ultimate betterment of humanity. On the other hand, the Asur culture believes in extreme materialism and considers the nature to be all powerful, leading to usage of science for destructive purposes.10
The fight for supremacy between the two cultures, between good and bad, follows a sinusoidal path, and so do peace and wars, and the scientific and spiritual development of humanity. Today it’s the asur culture that is on top, but the fight is still on.
REFERENCES
RigVeda 10-129-7YajurVeda 13-4; 31-1; 40-1; 40-8Bhagwad Gita 13-16Brahma Sutra 1-3-10
RigVeda 1-164-20Shwetashwatara Upnishad 4-5Sankhya Darshan 1-97, 98
RigVeda 10-129-1 to 4; 1-163-1RigVeda 10-190-1, 2, 3Vrihadaranyaka Upnishad 1-1-2Manu Smriti 1-5, 6, 7, 80
Sankhya Darshan 1-61Manu Smriti 1-14, 15RigVeda 1-163-2, 3, 4; 10-129-5, 6RigVeda 10-121-7 or YajurVeda 27-25Shatpath Brahman 11-1-6-1Brahma Sutra 1-4-6
Surya Siddhanta 1-14 to 23Manu Smriti 1-67 to 73; 1-79AtharvaVeda 8-2-21YajurVeda 30-18Bhagwad Gita 8-17, 18, 19
Ramayana & Puranas
Manu Smriti 1-62
RigVeda 1-164-7, 8, 9Vaisheshik Darshan 4-2-5Mahabharata (Aadi Parva) 65-10, 11
RigVeda 10-130-4 to 7; 8-100-10, 11
RigVeda 1-51-8YajurVeda 40-3
Bhagwad Gita 15-8; 2-22Kath Upnishad 2-18Mundaka Upnishad 3-2-2; 3-1-10Vrihadaranyaka Upnishad 5-4-6Brahma Sutra 3-1-1
Bhagwad Gita 2-47Mundaka Upnishad 2-2-8Yoga Darshan 2-12, 13
Mahabharata (Vana Parva) Ch. 187Vayu Purana 50-88Shatpath Brahman 1-8-16
Source http://www.geocities.com/ancientscience/beliefs.htm
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